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Illus
-91
AN ENEMY OF THE CRUSADERS
The fountains of Siloe, which only flowed at intervals, could not
suffice for such a multitude. A skinful of fetid water, brought
from a distance of three leagues, cost as much as three silver deniers.
Overcome by thirst and heat, the soldiers turned up the soil with
their swords, and burying themselves in the freshly-moved earth,
eagerly carried to their lips every moist clod that presented itself.
During the day they looked anxiously for the night, and at night
longed for the break of day, in the constantly disappointed hope
that the return of either the one or the other would bring some
little freshness, or a few drops of rain. Every morning they were
seen to glue their parched lips to the marbles covered with dew.
During the heat of the day the most robust languished beneath their
tents, seeming not to have even strength left to implore the assistance
of heaven. When some fortunate pilgrims discovered a spring or a
cistern in a remote or obscure place, they concealed it from their
companions, and prevented their approach to it. Quarrels of a violent
nature broke out on this account daily ; and not unfrequently the
Crusaders drew their swords for the sake of a little muddy water
; in short, the want of water was so insupportable an evil, that
they hardly noticed the scarcity of food. The intensity of thirst
and the heat of the climate made them forget the horrors of the
famine which seemed to pursue the Christians everywhere. - Book
IV *Notes; page 282 History
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Illus
-92
THE BATTLE OF LEPANTO
This fleet, commanded by Don John of Austria, met that of the
Ottomans in the Gulf of Lepanto. It was in this sea Anthony and
Augustus disputed the mastership of the roman world. the battle
which took place between the Christians and the Turks reminds
us in some degree of the spirit and enthusiasm of the Crusades.
No naval battle of antiquity can be compared to this of Lepanto,
in which the Turks fought for the empire of the world, and the
Christians for the defence of Europe. The courage and skill of
Don John and the other leaders, the intrepidity and ardour of
the soldiers, and the superiority of the Franks in manoeuvring
their vessels, and in their artillery, procured for the Christian
fleet a decisive victory. Two hundred of the enemy's ships were
taken, burnt or sunk. The wreck of the Turkish fleet, whilst announcing
the victory to the Christians, carried consternation to the coasts
of Greece and to the capital of the Ottoman empire. - Book XVII
*Notes; page 289 described.
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Illus
-93
THE DEPARTURE
-
Book XVII *Notes; page 298 Vol II - Book XVII relates
to a crusade departure
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Illus
-94
THE ORDER OF CHIVALRY
This institution, so ingeniously called "Fountain of courtesy, which
comes from God," is still much more admirable when considered under
the all-powerful influence of religious ideas. Christian charity
claimed all the affections of the knight, and demanded of him a
perpetual devotion for the defence of pilgrims and the care of the
sick. it was thus that were established the orders of St. John,
of the Temple, of the Teutonic Knights, and several others, all
instituted to combat the Saracens and solace human miseries. The
infidels admired their virtues as much as they dreaded their bravery.
- Book XVIII
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Illus
-95
THE RETURN
-
Book XVIII *Notes; page 310 Vol II - Book XVIII relates
to a crusaders return
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Illus
-96
THE CHRISTIAN ARMY IN THE MOUNTAINS OF JUDEA
In going from Lydda the Crusaders approached the mountains of Judea.
These mountains on which Jerusalem is situated, do not resemble
those of Taurus or Lybia ; the bluish summits of the Judean range
have nether verdure nor shade, and its solitudes have no other inhabitant
than the bear and the gazelle, the eagle and the vulture. Their
physiognomy has something of the sadness of Israel, and recalls
the austere and melancholy poetry of the prophets. The christian
army advanced through a narrow valley, between two mountains burning
with the rays of the sun. The route which it followed had been cut
into gullies by torrents of rain, which had also lossened large
masses of rock, and these descending into the valley, choked the
narrow passages. In such difficult situations a few Mussulmans would
attack and kill many of the Crusaders. - Book IV *Notes; page 322
Vol II
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Illus
-97
CONFESSION
- Book XVIII *Notes; page 330 Vol II - Book XVIII
relates to all the crusades in general
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Illus
-98
MIRACLES
The ancient chroniclers were simple and pious men ; they considered
the least falsehood as a mortal sin ; they were scrupulous in telling
the truth when they were acquainted with it. Most of them would
have thought themselves deficient in the duties of an historian,
if they had not gone back to the creation of the world, or at least
to the deluge. Among the events which they relate, they never forgot
such as would strike the vulgar, and which struck themselves ; as
the revolutions of nature, famines, prodigies, &c. - Book XVIII
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Illus
-99
THE BATTLE OF ARSUR
King Philip had returned to Europe ; Richard remained at the head
of one hundred thousand Crusaders. He left Ptolemais and marched
towards Caesarea, a distance of twelve leagues, requiring six days
; a fleet from Ptolemais kept close to the shore, and transported
the war machines, baggage, and provisions of the Crusaders. Saladin,
compared to a lioness which has lost her young, set out in pursuit,
harassing the flanks, at times attacking the van, and destroying
the country through which the Crusaders were going to march. Across
the plain of Arsur flowed a torrent ; at this point Saladin awaited
the Crusaders to offer them a decisive battle. . . . The battle
lasted almost during the whole day. Towards, evening the Mussulmans
were broken on all sides, and the wreck of Saladin's army retreated
into the forest of Saron, and Richard was not wise enough to pursue
and destroy it. - Book VIII
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Illus
-100
TROUBADOURS SINGING THE GLORIES OF THE CRUSADES
The muse of the troubadours celebrated chivalry, love, and beauty.
They celebrated the lofty deds of Arthur and Rinaldo, the Knights
of the Round Table. . . .They added to these names those of Godfrey,
Tancred, Richard and Saladin. The troubadours who flourished during
the crusades were not likely to neglect the exploits of so many
gallant knights. We hear their voices constantly mingling with those
of the preachers of the holy wars, and find theier poetical fictions
confounded with the narrations of history. - Book XVIII
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